Blood Glucose Test

A blood glucose test measures the amount of glucose in your blood. Glucose, a type of simple sugar, is your body’s main source of energy. Your body converts the carbohydrates you eat into glucose.

Glucose testing is primarily done to check for type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and gestational diabetes. Diabetes is a condition that causes your blood glucose level to rise.

The amount of sugar in your blood is usually controlled by a hormone called insulin. However, if you have diabetes, your body either doesn’t make enough insulin or the insulin produced doesn’t work properly. This causes sugar to build up in your blood. Increased levels of blood sugar can lead to severe organ damage if left untreated.

HbA1c Test for Diabetes

The HbA1c test, also known as the haemoglobin A1c or glycated haemoglobin test, is an important blood test that gives a good indication of how well your diabetes is being controlled.

Together with the fasting plasma glucose test, the HbA1c test is one of the main ways in which type 2 diabetes is diagnosed.

HbA1c tests are not the primary diagnostic test for type 1 diabetes but may sometimes be used together with other tests.

ACR Test

Albumin Creatinine Ratio test is performed on a sample of random urine to measure level of Albumin Creatinine Ratio in random urine.It is performed to detect Kidney Disorder and Type 1 Diabetes. Also known as Alb Creat Ratio Random Urine .

Preparation for ACR Test

No special preparation is needed for ACR Test. Inform your doctor if you are on any medications or have any underlying medical conditions or allergies before undergoing ACR Test. Your doctor depending on your condition will give specific instructions.

Procedure for ACR Test

A random urine sample is collected in a sterile plastic container and the levels of albumin and creatinine are measured simultaneously.

Normal values for ACR Test

The normal result for ACR Test for Albumin Creatinine Ratio is 2-20 mg/mmol for Male gender and for All age groups, 2.8-28 mg/mmol for Female gender and for All age groups.

Microalbuminuria Test

If your doctor believes you may be at risk for kidney damage or kidney disease, it’s likely that you’ve had or will have a microalbuminuria test. The microalbuminuria test is a urine test that measures the amount of albumin in your urine. Albumin is a protein that your body uses for cell growth and to help repair tissues. It’s normally present in the blood. A certain level of it in your urine may be a sign of kidney damage.

The microalbuminuria test is also known as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) test or the urine albumin test.

Preparation for the test

The microalbuminuria test is a simple urine test. You can eat and drink normally before the test. No special preparation is necessary for this test.

How is the test administered?

Several types of microalbuminuria urine tests are available:

• Random urine test
• 24-hour urine test
• Timed urine test

Lipid Profile

Lipids are a group of fats and fat-like substances that are important constituents of cells and sources of energy. A lipid profile measures the level of specific lipids in the blood.

Two important lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides, are transported in the blood by lipoprotein particles. Each particle contains a combination of protein, cholesterol, triglyceride, and phospholipid molecules. The particles measured with a lipid profile are classified by their density into high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL).

Sample Required

A blood sample obtained by inserting a needle into a vein in your arm or from a fingerstick

When To Get Tested

Screening when no risk factors present: for adults, every four to six years; for youths, once between the ages of 9 and 11 and again between ages 17 and 21 Monitoring at regular intervals when risk factors are present, when prior results showed high risk levels, and/or to monitor effectiveness of treatment

Test Preparation Needed

Typically, fasting for 9-12 hours (water only) before having your blood drawn is required, but some labs offer non-fasting lipid testing. Follow any instructions you are given and tell the person drawing your blood whether or not you have fasted. For youths without risk factors, testing may be done without fasting.

Renal Function Test

You have two kidneys on either side of your spine that are each approximately the size of a human fist. They’re located posterior to your abdomen and below your rib cage.

Your kidneys play several vital roles in maintaining your health. One of their most important jobs is to filter waste materials from the blood and expel them from the body as urine. The kidneys also help control the levels of water and various essential minerals in the body.

Types of kidney function tests

• Random urine test
• Urinalysis
• Serum creatinine test
• Blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
• Estimated GFR

How the tests are performed

• 24-hour urine sample
• Blood samples

Liver Function Tests

Liver function tests help determine the health of your liver by measuring the levels of proteins, liver enzymes, or bilirubin in your blood.

Common liver function tests

• Alanine transaminase (ALT) test
• Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) test
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) test
• Albumin test
• Bilirubin test

Fundoscopy

Fundoscopy especially helps when the pupils are dilated for a more complete view of the entire retina, allows for examination of the retina to help diagnose conditions and identify risk factors for potential vision loss associated with the retina. For example, patients with diabetes should have an annual dilated fundus examination to check the retina for signs of diabetic retinopathy that could lead to permanent or difficult-to-treat vision loss. Signs of diabetic retinopathy, which is often a sign also of systemic disease associated with diabetes, include bleeding, inflammation, lack of oxygen, and other problems with the retina that can lead to permanent vision loss. Fundoscopy can also help diagnose other diseases such as infection or inflammation in the eye that requires treatment to preserve vision.

Diabetic Foot Evaluation

• Peripheral Neuropathy Assessment
• Peripheral Vascular Disease Assessment
• Plantar Pressure Assessment
• Podiatry